Thursday, 19 February 2015

When is a market not a market? When it is free!


The laws of economics in a free market are few.  Market sentiment usually reflects the confidence of the customer in the product.  If something is surplus, its price drops, if something is scarce its price increases.  However there’s a maximum price at the top of a market and the minimum price in a bloated market can theoretically be zero.  All resources are finite. 

Once something is second hand its price drops.  You’ll pay a premium if you want to buy brand new.  Products can be anything that a market will value.  I’ve often wondered where is the logic of the market, when it comes to property. 

Property seemed to defy the market logic until 2008.  Then it slumped back to 2003 levels in line with incomes in the public sector.  The explanation that made Ireland uncompetitive as an economy in the noughties was that wages rose to keep in line with property price increases.  Property was a huge contributor to tax take. 

Rent on the other hand fell slightly.  Section 23 loans drove speculative property investment.  Buy to let was a no brainer (remember that expression from the SSIA’s?).  At my very first conference as a councillor in 2005 I recall a presentation urging councillors to invest their representational allowance in buy to let properties.  The target tenant was a builder from Eastern Europe!  Renting was money in the bank for nothing. 

While many of the buy to let properties rapidly dragged the investor down, it’s not true to say that all landlords took a hit. More discerning land lords still had a good business.  While household incomes dropped significantly, rents dropped by low single digits between 2009 and 2014.

No sooner has the turn around come in the economy than rents are starting to race away again.  If you are on social welfare you can get a rent supplement in addition to your welfare allowance that will help pay rent.  If you are on a low wage there’s no such cushion.  When I was a councillor I recall when speaking on the issue of rent supplement querying the absence of a market in Wexford and questioning the role of landlords locally.  Foolishly I expected support from councillors who would consider themselves to the left of me.  In fact I can recall being shouted down and interrupted on one occasion.  Their simplistic analysis is that the government should dip into your pocket and increase rent subsidy. 

But why should you subsidise a market that is one in name only? Why is it that an average property in Wexford which was purchased most likely over 10 years ago should have an average rent of €629 a month?  What are the drivers in that price set by the landlord? Surely initial cost price, add in the cost of maintaining which the land lord may well carry, property tax and possibly service charges. The landlord may appoint an agent who earns a commission.  The rest of the running costs are usually carried by the tenant.  The landlord can offset costs under Section 23 of Bertie’s finance act.  But why is there no competition between landlords? 

When most of us were shopping around and looking for a better deal, prices stubbornly remained above the laws of economics.  As tenants left prices should have dropped by a greater amount than they did.  As I pointed out to councillors about a year ago;  almost half the home purchases in 2013 were straight cash deals.  So who still had cash by 2013? Few purchases were on the basis of first time mortgages in 2012-13, banks had been conspicuously slow at granting mortgages. Some people were obviously sitting on money and knew the property market was about to turn. Clearly some properties were bought by those wanting to get back into the rental market. 

But here’s the real problem into the future.  People who rent aspire to buy.  High rents affects their ability to save a deposit.  Without the 10% deposit for first time buyers, the tenant is stuck in a rut.  This may be the future for many relying on the private sector for housing.  There’s little that any shouting councillor can do about that until there is an intervention in the market to increase affordability.

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